However, when both electricity and magnetism are taken into account, the resulting theory ( electromagnetism) is fully consistent with special relativity. Both magnetism lacking electricity, and electricity without magnetism, are inconsistent with special relativity, due to such effects as length contraction, time dilation, and the fact that the magnetic force is velocity-dependent. Magnetism, electricity, and special relativity Main article: ElectromagnetismĪs a consequence of Einstein's theory of special relativity, electricity and magnetism are understood to be fundamentally interlinked. Several forms of magnetic behavior have been observed in different materials, including:
The overall magnetic behavior of a material can vary widely, depending on the structure of the material, and particularly on its electron configuration. Again, ordinarily, the motion of the electrons is such that there is no average field from the material, but in certain conditions, the motion can line up so as to produce a measurable total field. This effect is analogous to how a current-carrying loop of wire generates a magnetic field (see Magnetic dipole). In addition to the electron's intrinsic magnetic field, there is sometimes an additional magnetic field that results from the electron's orbital motion about the nucleus. Ordinarily, the countless electrons in a material are randomly oriented in different directions, leaving no effect on average, but in a bar magnet the electrons are aligned in the same direction, so they act cooperatively, creating a net magnetic field. Physics of magnetism Magnets and magnetic materials Main article: MagnetĮvery electron, by its nature, is a small magnet (see Electron magnetic dipole moment). 1.2 Magnetism, electricity, and special relativity.
0 kommentar(er)
